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Notes Chapter One: The Controversy 1. Lowell, Percival, Mars as the Abode of Life (The Macmillan Company, 1909). 2. Ley, Willy, Mariner IV to Mars (The New American Library, 1966), p.140. 3. "Viking: A Lively Look for Life," Science News, Vol. 110, August 7, 1976, p. 86. 4. "The Curious Case of the Humanoid Face . . . On Mars," Richard C. Hoagland, Analog Science Fiction/ Science Fact, November 1986, p.63. 5. Leonard, George, Somebody Else is on the Moon (David McKay, 1976). 6. "Did NASA Photograph Ruins of an Ancient City on Mars?" National Enquirer, October 25, 1977. 7. Chandler, David L., Life on Mars (E.P. Dutton, 1979), p. 144. 8. "Face in Space," Vincent Di Pietro and Gregory Molenaar, Omni, April 1982, pp. 55-56. 9. Di Pietro, Vincent, and Molenaar, Gregory, Unusual Martian Surface Features (Mars Research, POB 284 Glenn Dale, MD, 20769, 1980). 10. Hoagland, Richard C., The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever (North Atlantic Books, 1987, 1992). 11. Sitchin, Zecharia, Genesis Revisited (Avon Books, 1990). 12. "Pyramids on Mars?" Vladimir Avinksy, Soviet Life, August 1984, pp. 56-57. 13. "Metropolis on Mars," Omni, March 1985, p. 82. 14. "Face Rests on Intelligence Hypothesis," Vicki Cooper, UFO, September/October 1992. 15. "The Man in the Moon," Carl Sagan, Parade, June 2, 1985, p. 15. 16. "The Great Stone Face and Other Nonmysteries," Martin Gardner, The Skeptical Inquirer, Fall 1985, p. 18. 17. "Seeing Faces on Mars," David Morrison, The Skeptical Inquirer, Fall 1988, p. 76. 18. "'Mars Face,' Touted to Investors, Draws Vigorous Scientific Reply," Conway W. Snyder, The Skeptical Inquirer, Summer 1988, p.341. 19. Quoted from Sitchin, op. cit., p. 253. 20. Schultz, Ted, et. al., The Fringes of Reason: A Whole Earth Catalog (Harmony Books, 1989), p. 191. Chapter Two: The Explanation 1. Sagan, Carl, The Cosmic Connection, (Anchor Press, Doubleday, 1973), p.206. 2. Carlotto, Mark J., The Martian Enigmas: A Closer Look, (North Atlantic Books, 1991), pp. 96-97. 3. "The Man in the Moon," Carl Sagan, Parade, June 2, 1985, p. 15. Chapter Three: The Search for Life on Mars 1. Wilford, John Noble, Mars Beckons (Vintage Books, 1991), p.55. 2. Moore, Patrick, Guide to Mars (W.W. Norton and Company, 1977), p. 85. 3. "Digging Deeper for Life on Mars," Michael Carroll, Astronomy, April 1988, p. 10. 4. Chandler, David L., op. cit., pp.71-72. 5. "New Light on the Changing Face of Mars," E. C. Slipher, National Geographic, September 1955, p. 431. 6. Firsoff, V. A., Life Beyond the Earth: A Study in Exobiology (Basic Books, 1963), p. 197. 7. Moore, Patrick, op. cit., pp. 88-89. 8. "Why I Believe There is Life on Mars," Interview with Dr. Frank B. Salisbury by Joan Steen, Popular Science, September 1962, p. 104. 9. Moore, Patrick, op. cit., p. 75. 10. "Where Are We in the Search for Life on Mars?" Interview with Dr. Herb Klein by Rick Reis, Mercury (Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), March-April 1977. 11. "The Viking Search for Life," Norman Horowitz, Scientific American, November 1977. 12. "The Case for Life on Mars," Andrew Chaikin, Air & Space, February-March 1991, p. 67. 13. "Life But No Bodies on Mars," New Scientist, October 14, 1976. 14. Cooper, Henry S. F., The Search for Life on Mars: Evolution of an Idea (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1980), p. 238. 15. Ibid., p. 241. 16. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 69. 17. Cooper, op. cit., p. 242. 18. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 67. 19. Ibid., p. 70. 20. "Profile: Carl Sagan," Henry S.F. Cooper, Jr., The New Yorker, June 28, 1976. 21. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 66. 22. Horowitz, Norman, To Utopia and Back: The Search for Life in the Solar System (W.H. Freeman and Company). 23. Horowitz, op. cit., p. 90-91. 24. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 70. 25. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 69. 26. "Mars: Crisis in Exploration," G. Harry Stine, Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, June 1988, p. 125. 27. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 71. 28. Air & Space, op. cit., p. 70. 29. Goldsmith, Donald, The Hunt for Life on Mars (Penguin Books, 1997), p.3. Chapter Four: Evolution and Mars 1. "The Ice Ages of Mars," Jeffrey S. Kargel and Robert G. Strom, Astronomy, December 1992, p.45. 2. "Martians Wanted: Dead or Alive!" Christopher P. McKay, Ad Astra, May 1990, p. 16. 3. Bradbury, Ray, et. al., Mars and the Mind of Man (Harper and Row, 1972), p.97. 4. "Mars: Change in Axial Tilt Due to Climate?" David Parry Rubincam, Science, 11 May 1990, p.720. 5. Dawkins, Richard, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design (W.W. Norton and Company, 1987), p. 94. Chapter Five: Evolution and Earth 1. Hitching, Francis, The Neck of the Giraffe: Darwin, Evolution, and the New Biology (New American Library, 1982), p. 9. 2. "Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology," David M. Raup, Bulletin, Field Museum of Natural History, Jan. 1979. 3. Gould, S. J., The Panda's Thumb (W.W. Norton and Co., 1980), p184. 4. Denton, Michael, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (Adler and Adler, 1985), p. 329. 5. Hoyle, Sir Fred, The Intelligent Universe (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1983), p. 17. 6. Hitching, op. cit., p. 68. 7. Dawkins, op. cit., p.87. 8. "Defensive Spray of the Bombardier Beetle: A Biological Pulse Jet," Dean, Jeffrey; Aneshansley, Daniel; Edgerton, Harold E.; Eisner, Thomas, Science, 8 June 1990, pp. 1219-1221. Chapter Six: Creation and Mars 1. Jastrow, Robert. Red Giants and White Dwarfs (New American Library, 1969), p. 147. 2. Ibid., p. 148. 3. Asimov, Isaac. The Neutrino (Avon Books, 1966), p. 34. 4. Ibid., p. 36. 5. Ibid., p. 37. 6. Pournelle, Jerry. A Step Farther Out (Ace Books, 1979), p. 275-276. 7. Ibid., p. 277. 8. Ibid., p. 277. 9. "The Source of the Earth's Magnetic Field," Charles R. Carrigan and David Gubbins, Scientific American, February 1979, p. 118. 10. "Ancient Magnetic Reversals: Clues to the Geodynamo," Kenneth A. Hoffman, Scientific American, May 1988, p. 76. 11. Ibid., p. 83. 12. O'Neill, Gerard K., The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space (William Morrow, 1977), p. 115. 13. Ibid., p. 116. 14. Ibid., p. 114. 15. Hoyle, Fred, Frontiers of Astronomy (Harper and Brothers, 1955), p. 11. 16. Hartmann, William K., Moons and Planets, Second Edition (Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1983), p. 224. 17. Ibid., p. 222. Chapter Seven: Creation and Earth 1. McDowell, Josh, and Stewart, Don, Reasons Skeptics Should Consider Christianity (Here's Life Publishers, 1981), p. 110. 2. "Measuring Geologic Time," Adolph Knopf, Scientific Monthly, Vol. 85, November 1957, p. 227. 3. "SCP Interviews Phillip Johnson . . . 'Mene Mene Tekel' for Materialistic Darwinism," SCP Newsletter: Vol. 18, No. 1-2, Summer 1993, p. 26. 4. "The Past Comes Alive," Bryan Sykes, Nature, Vol. 352, 1 August 1991, p. 381. 5. Ibid., p. 381. 6. Whitcomb, Jr., John C., and Morris, Henry M., The Genesis Flood (Presbyterian and Reformed Pubishing Company, 1961), pp. 208-209. 7. Whipple, Fred L., Orbiting the Sun: Planets and Satellites of the Solar System (Harvard University Press, 1981), pp. 223-224. Chapter Eight: The Nephilim Connection 1. Fasold, David, The Ark of Noah (Knightsbridge Publishing Company, 1990), p. 81. 2. Sagan, Carl, and Shklovskii, I.S., Intelligent Life in the Universe (Holden-Day Inc., 1966), pp. 455-456. 3. Ibid., p. 457. 4. Ibid., p. 457. 5. Ibid., p. 459. 6. Ibid., p. 459. 7. Kramer, Samuel Noah, The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character (The University of Chicago Press: 1963), p. 220. 8. Thomas, Robert L., et. al., New American Standard Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Holman, 1977), p. 1563. 9. Budge, E.A. Wallis, Babylonian Life and History, Second Edition (Barnes and Noble Books, 1993), p. 100. 10. McCall, Henrietta, Mesopotamian Myths, (University of Texas Press, 1990), p. 73. 11. Budge, op. cit., p. 109. 12. Eliade, Mircea, et. al., The Encylopedia of Religion, Vol. 9, (MacMillan Publishing Company, 1987), pp. 453-463. Chapter Nine: Martian Civilization 1. Burgess, Eric, Return to the Red Planet (Columbia University Press, 1990), p. 25. 2. Sagan, Carl, and Shlovskii, I.S., op. cit., pp. 362-376. 3. "Fear of Phobos," Discover, July 1989, p. 13. 4. Miles, Frank, and Booth, Nicholas, Race to Mars (Harper and Row, 1988), p. 141. 5. Wilford, op. cit., p. 75. 6. Miles and Booth, op. cit., p. 168. 7. "Satellites of Mars: Geologic History," P. Thomas, et. al., in Kieffer, H. H., et. al., Mars (University of Arizona Press, 1992), pp. 1257-1282. 8. Heppenheimer, T. A., Toward Distant Suns (Fawcett Columbine, 1979), p. 204. 9. Adelman, Saul J., and Adelman, Benjamin, Bound for the Stars (Prentiss-Hall, 1981), p. 188. 10. Ibid., p. 189. 11. Stine, G. Harry, The Space Enterprise (Ace Books, 1980) pp. 119-121. 12. Erickson, Jon, Target Earth! (McGraw-Hill, 1991), pp. 153. 13. Heppenheimer, op. cit., p. 204. Chapter Ten: A Martian History 1. Whitcomb and Morris, op. cit., p. 478. 2. Letter to the Editor, William Pickering, Scientific American, January 1926, p. 57. 3. Ibid., p. 57. 4. Ley, op. cit., p. 29. Chapter Eleven: The Spiritual Conspiracy 1. "The Skylab Is Falling and Sunspots Are Behind It All," Science, Vol. 200, 7 April 1978, p.28. 2. "Morton Thiokol Engineers Testify NASA Rejected Warnings on Launch," Edward H. Kolcum, Aviation Week and Space Technology, March 3, 1986, p. 18. 3. "Failures of U.S. Space Launches Raise Quality, Design Questions," Aviation Week and Space Technology, May 19, 1986, p. 58. 4. "New Views of Mars and Phobos," Robert Burnham, Astronomy, September 1989, p.28. 5. Ibid., p. 32. 6. "Straighten up and fly right," William J. Cook, U.S. News & World Report, July 16, 1990, p. 39. 7. Ibid. 8. Hoagland, Richard, The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever (North Atlantic Books, 1988), p. 188. 9. "Mars Observer: Return to the Red Planet," Diane Ainsowrth, Astronomy, September 1992, p. 36. 10. "Topic: Observations of the 'Face on Mars' and Other Such 'Things' by the Mars Observer Camera," Mike Malin, 1993, Message posted on the Internet (obtained from CompuServe). 11. "Lost in Space," Sharon Begley, et. al., Newsweek, September 6, 1993, p. 20. 12. Quoted from The Rush Limbaugh Radio Program on August 25, 1993. 13. O'Leary, Brian, Mars 1999: Exclusive Preview of the U.S.-Soviet Manned Mission (Stackpole Books, 1987), p. 129. 14. "The Visionary Experiences of Brian O'Leary," Sean Devney, Unsolved UFO Sightings and Other Unexplained Mysteries, Special Report #2, 1993. 15. Science, Space and Technology Panel discussion, The Freedom Foundation, Freedom Forum, New York City Conference Center, November 19, 1996. (Transcript recorded by C-SPAN.) 16. Mars Global Surveyor Flight Status Report (10/31/97), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA. (Distributed over Internet.) Chapter Twelve: The Long Road to Mars 1. "Mars: The Russians are Going!" Michael Carroll, Astronomy, October 1993, pp. 30-31. 2. Ibid., pp. 32-33. 3. "A new way to explore Mars," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, August 27, 1993, p. A-3. 4. "At Last, Synthesis!" Alan Ladwig, Final Frontier, September/October 1991, p. 42. 5. Stine, G. Harry, Handbook for Space Colonists (Holt, Rhineheart, and Winston, 1985) pp. 106-131. 6. "Nukes to Mars," Final Frontier, Robert W. Tinsley, September/October 1991, p. 47. 7. "Big Dumb Rockets," Gregg Easterbrook, Newsweek, August 17, 1987, p. 50. 8. "Crossing the Last Frontier," Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier's, March 22, 1952, p. 28. 9. Newsweek, op. cit., p. 54. 10. Collier's, op. cit., p. 25. 11. Bono, Philip, and Gatland, Kenneth, Frontiers of Space (The Macmillan Company, 1969), p. 163. 12. Hunter, Maxwell W., "The SSX: Spaceship, Experimental." Personal paper published 11 March 1989, p. 2. 13. Ibid., p. 8. 14. "Delta Clipper Partners Set Goal for Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicle," Edward H. Kolcum, Aviation Week and Space Technology, February 3, 1992, p. 56. 15. "Bunny-Hopping into Space," Germain, Ellen, and Harbert, Nancy, Time, August 30, 1993, p. 47. 16. Hunter, op. cit., p. 24. 17. Newsweek, op. cit., p. 48. 18. Ibid., p. 50. 19. "Rapid prototyping, 'empowerment' blamed in DC-XA crash," Aerospace Daily, January 8, 1997 Article: 31757. 20. Stine, G. Harry, Halfway to Anywhere: Achieving America's Destiny in Space (M. Evans and Company, 1996), p. 92. 21. "NASA eyes X-37 to test air-breathing rockets in lieu of DC-XB," Aerospace Daily, August 9, 1996 Article: 29811. 22. "A Simpler Ride into Space," Mattingly, T. K., Scientific American, October 1997, p.121. 23. "Rocket Planes," Sweetman, Bill, Popular Science, February 1998, pp. 40-45.
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